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News
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8281: Metamorphic Relations-Based Evaluation of Entity Alignment Algorithms in Knowledge Graphs
27+ min ago (422+ words) Entity alignment (EA) algorithms have been developed to identify and use links between entities in knowledge graphs (KGs), which are essential for data integration and information sharing. Given their significance, it is important to thoroughly evaluate EA algorithms to measure…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8140: Phishing-Safe URL Recommendation with Open Large Language Models via Exposure-Minimizing Admission Control
5+ day, 52+ min ago (701+ words) Large language models are increasingly embedded in e-commerce assistants that recommend links to shopping destinations. When the candidate set contains adversarially crafted phishing URLs, a fluent model can recommend a malicious link with the same confidence it recommends a legitimate…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8094: A Lightweight and Secure Blockchain Interoperability Framework for Hybrid E-Commerce Ledgers
6+ day, 18+ hour ago (589+ words) The growing use of blockchain in e-commerce has produced hybrid environments in which private enterprise ledgers and public blockchain networks operate side by side. Consequently, efficient and secure interoperability between these networks has become increasingly important. This study presents a…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 7997: Eliciting Explicit and Implicit Requirements from App Reviews via Grounded Theory and BERT-Based Classification
1+ week, 1+ day ago (346+ words) Context: App reviews contain valuable user requirements—some stated explicitly, others implied within narratives of use—yet prior work has largely focused on explicit feedback alone. Objective: We investigate the characterization and automatic identification of both explicit and implicit requirements-relevant…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 7974: SecureMCP: Policy-Enforced Defense Against Prompt Injection in LLM-Generated SQL for AIoT Databases
1+ week, 2+ day ago (524+ words) The deployment of Large Language Model (LLM)-generated SQL in Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems introduces critical security risks, as prompt injection attacks can manipulate LLMs into producing unauthorized queries that expose sensitive data or execute destructive operations. Existing Natural…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 7915: Design of a Security Framework for Multi-Agent Systems Based on Model Context Protocol in SOC Environments
1+ week, 5+ day ago (522+ words) Security Operations Centers (SOCs) rely on Level 1 analysts to triage increasing alert volumes amid alert fatigue and tool fragmentation. LLM-based multi-agent systems using the Model Context Protocol (MCP) are being adopted to automate these tasks, but their autonomy and tool…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 7849: Large Language Models: From Internal Architecture and Distributed Training Optimisation to Adaptation Strategies
1+ week, 6+ day ago (424+ words) This paper presents a unified technical survey of Large Language Models (LLMs), connecting three layers of the modelling pipeline that existing surveys address in isolation: internal architecture, distributed training optimisation, and downstream adaptation. Its organising principle is the dependency between…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 7844: Efficient Polish-Language Keyword Spotting on Microcontrollers: Compact Neural Architectures, Quantization, and On-Device Validation on the Raspberry Pi Pico 2
1+ week, 6+ day ago (540+ words) Keyword spotting (KWS) is the always-on front end of voice interfaces; running it directly on microcontrollers, rather than streaming audio to the cloud, is essential for low-latency, privacy-preserving, and energy-efficient operation, yet it must reconcile high accuracy with severe memory,…...